(Author's Note 2/28/2022: At the time of publishing these references were available online, some resources may no longer be available.)
During the Summer 2015 Term of the NASA DEVELOP Program, teams used NASA remote-sensing data to investigate many dynamic environmental issues across the globe to develop effective solutions for affected communities. Each term, these projects demonstrate the diverse applications of remote-sensing data, including data distributed by the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC). Common data products used across projects this term included Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from the Aqua and Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Terra Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM), and NASA’s Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data. These data were often used along with other data types distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Several teams investigated vegetation regrowth and flooding risk after wildfire events. One team used Terra MODIS NDVI data and ASTER GDEM in conjunction with the NOAA PERSIANN Climate Data Record to create risk maps showing how precipitation anomalies, burn severity, and vegetation response impact flooding in the southwestern United States. Another team used the MODIS Burned Area product (MCD45A1) along with Landsat to quantify fire distribution in Ericaceous shrublands of the Bale-Arsi massif, Ethiopia, mapping burned areas over a 42 year period (1973-2015). The team’s findings improved the understanding of past fire extent, which will inform future conservation efforts by The Murulle Foundation and its partners in Ethiopia. Another team created a risk map of potential wildfire areas across Texas. The map delineates areas that contain dry fuels and, more specifically, how dry the fuels are. This team used Terra MODIS NDVI data (MOD13Q1), Aqua MODIS land surface temperature data (MYD11A2), precipitation from the Multi-Sensor Precipitation Estimate (MPE), and soil moisture from the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS). The team was able to develop a high-resolution drought index that can be easily constructed with little cost to the end-user. Methods and results produced for determining drought conditions were presented to the Texas Forest Service for future use throughout the state.
A unique project this term was conducted by a team aiming to develop a remote-sensing approach to assist with ocelot conservation. Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data were used to create supervised land cover classifications for 1996, 2005, and 2014 during January through March to assess land use and land cover over time. Surface reflectance data from Terra MODIS (MOD09A1) were then used to calculate NDVI to verify the results from the land cover classification layer. Terra MODIS and Terra ASTER GDEM were used to create a proximity risk map, which will help decision-makers plan future roads in a way that will minimize human-ocelot conflicts.
(Author's note: The MCD45A1 product has since been retired. Users interested in burned area data are encouraged to use the MCD64A1 product. In addition, a new version of ASTER GDEM is now available, users are encouraged to use ASTER GDEM Version 3 data.
Above are proximity risk maps of the ocelot habitat for Southern Arizona (left) and Southern Texas (right) in 2014. The maps show areas most at risk for ocelot-human interface. Maps provided by NASA DEVELOP.
Above are proximity risk maps of the ocelot habitat for Southern Arizona (left) and Southern Texas (right) in 2014. The maps show areas most at risk for ocelot-human interface. Maps provided by NASA DEVELOP.
Read about all the NASA DEVELOP projects here: https://develop.larc.nasa.gov/projects.php
About the NASA DEVELOP National Program (Author's Note 5/15/2020: At the time of publishing these references were available online, some resources may no longer be available.)
The DEVELOP National Program is part of NASA’s Applied Sciences Program. Participants from around the country join the DEVELOP program for 10-week terms to apply data acquired by NASA Earth-observing satellites to bridge the gap between science and society. DEVELOP participants work with local, state, and federal partners to create maps and other products in nine focus areas including Agriculture, Climate, Disasters, Ecological Forecasting, Energy, Health and Air Quality, Oceans, Water Resources, and Weather. Frequently, these projects utilize data that is distributed by NASA’s LP DAAC, such as data from the MODIS instrument, which is aboard the NASA Terra and Aqua satellites, and ASTER, onboard Terra. These data are used to map a variety of environmental changes across the globe.
References:
Beasley, B., Holland, A., Kelehan, K., 2015. Is Texas Burning? Estimating Wildfire Fuels Using NASA EOS: Earthzine, accessed September 18, 2015, http://earthzine.org/2015/07/30/is-texas-burning-estimating-wildfire-fuels-using-nasa-eos/.
Chignell, S., Fowler, C., Hopping, K., Schulte, D., 2015. Mapping Fire History in Ethiopia with a 42-Year Landsat Time Series: Earthzine, accessed September 18, 2015, http://earthzine.org/2015/07/30/mapping-fire-history-in-ethiopia-with-a-42-year-landsat-time-series/.
Winstead, D.A., Narasimham, Fischer, C., Keith, A., 2015. There’s Not a Lot of Ocelots: The Search for an Endangered Feline: Earthzine, accessed September 18, 2015, http://earthzine.org/2015/07/30/theres-not-a-lot-of-ocelots-the-search-for-an-endangered-feline/.
Written by: Tiffani Miller1 and Lindsey Harriman2
1 SSAI, consultant to the NASA DEVELOP National Program, Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA.
2 Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA. Work performed under USGS contract G15PD00766 for LP DAAC3.
3 LP DAAC Work performed under NASA contract NNG14HH33I.